Transaction hash (TxID)
A unique identifier of a transfer on the blockchain. It lets you check the status and details of a transaction in a network explorer.
In more detail
A hash (TxID) is the «receipt number» of a transfer on the blockchain: a long string unique to each operation. Pasting it into a network explorer shows the amount, addresses, number of confirmations and status — whether the transfer is confirmed or still processing. Keep the TxID: it is your main argument in a dispute with an exchanger.